What causes abdominal pain?
Abdominal pain can arise from organs of the digestive tract, or from other organs located in the pelvis and abdomen, including your kidneys, bladder, ovaries, womb and abdominal muscles.
Disorders that commonly cause abdominal pain in all the digestive organs include infection, gaseous distension, ulcer formation (a break in the lining of the digestive organ), mechanical obstruction or blockage, inflammation, or perforation (where a hole occurs in the wall of an organ. Pain may also occur without an objective structural finding, due for example to a disorder of brain-gut interaction.
If you experience one of the following symptoms (among others) in addition to abdominal pain, you should seek immediate medical attention:
Fever
Weight loss
Nighttime pain interrupting sleep
Pain that is steadily worsening
Pain that does not resolve
Vomiting, especially if you continue being unable to keep food down
Dehydration
An inability to make a bowel movement
Painful urination
Tenderness or swelling in your abdomen
Blood in vomit or stool
Black or tar-like stool
Yellowing skin
How serious is abdominal pain?
In some instances, bad abdominal pain signals a serious problem. In a small minority of cases, it may be life-threatening and require an immediate operation. In the case of acute infection or blockage, for example, we may need to operative immediately in order to avoid a catastrophic organ rupture.
In others, it can signal a transient and insignificant problem, such as with excess gas.
Likewise, serious abdominal illness may cause bad pain, or may cause no pain at all, as with many colorectal cancers.
What specific illnesses commonly cause abdominal pain?
These include:
Acid-related illnesses such as indigestion, ulcers or acid reflux
A pulled or strained muscle in the abdominal wall
Constipation or diarrhea
A stomach virus
Menstrual cramps
Food poisoning
Irritable bowel syndrome
Inflammatory diseases such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis
Celiac disease
Gynecological diseases such as infections, endometriosis, and ruptured ovarian cysts
Gallstones or kidney stones
Infections such as appendicitis or diverticulitis
Intestinal cancer